 North East India
Navratri, a festival celebrated with great reverence across India, is a beautiful confluence of rich traditions, spiritual significance, and joyous celebrations.
Over the course of nine nights, this festival honors Goddess Durga and her nine forms, the embodiment of divine feminine energy or Shakti, and marks her victory over evil forces. It is a time for reflection, devotion, and transformation. One of the most cherished customs during Navratri is the application of henna (mehndi). Henna is not only an artistic expression but also carries deep cultural significance across various regions of India. Whether it’s for the lively Garba and Dandiya dances, or as a simple yet meaningful gesture to invite good fortune, henna plays an important role in Navratri celebrations, particularly in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra. In this blog post, we’ll explore the fascinating ways in which henna intertwines with Navratri’s vibrant celebrations, and how the art form varies across different regions, each adding their unique flair and tradition to this joyous festival. Gujarat – The Soul of Garba and the Art of Henna
 Artist: Arti Pastagia (click photo)
Gujarat, the heartland of Garba and Dandiya Raas, comes alive with energy and color during Navratri. While dance and devotion are at the heart of the celebration, henna has become a cherished part of the larger observance, blending artistic expression with ancient tradition.
Historically, henna use in India dates back to at least 400 AD, with accounts of its presence in the Deccan region. Given Gujarat’s proximity to the Deccan and its role as a trade hub, henna naturally found its place in the region’s rich cultural tapestry, intertwining with Hindu festivities over time. A Celebration of Culture
Art, Dance, Theater- The Spirit of Navratri in Maharashtra
 Artist: Feinal Bardoliwala (click photo)
Navratri in Maharashtra is a time of deep devotion, vibrant celebrations, and cherished traditions that bring families and communities together in honor of the goddess. Among the many ways this festival is observed, Lavani and Gondhal stand out as two of the most meaningful and spiritually rich performances, blending music, dance, and storytelling into a heartfelt offering to the divine.
Lavani, with its rhythmic grace and powerful expressions, is more than just a dance—it is an invocation of the goddess’s energy. Though often associated with entertainment, its origins lie in devotional performances that celebrate the divine feminine. During Navratri, Lavani takes on a sacred essence, as dancers move with intensity and grace, embodying the strength and beauty of Shakti, the goddess’s cosmic force. Before these performances, it is common for women to adorn their hands with intricate henna designs, symbols of prosperity, love, and blessings. The scent of fresh henna lingers in the air as families gather, sharing stories of the goddess while preparing for the festivities. As the night deepens, another sacred tradition comes to life--Gondhal, a ritual that calls upon the power of Goddess Bhavani and other deities. Performed by the Gondhali community, this ancient practice is both a devotional act and a spiritual offering. In temples and homes, the rhythmic beats of the dholki and the resonating sound of the tuntuna fill the air, as performers sing tales of the goddess’s victories over evil. The ballads they sing are not just songs; they are stories passed down through generations, each word carrying the weight of devotion. As hands decorated with henna fold in prayer and offerings of flowers and sweets are made, the atmosphere is filled with a divine energy, a reminder that Navratri is as much about inner reflection as it is about joyous celebration. With each passing day, the festival unfolds like a beautifully woven tapestry—henna-stained hands preparing offerings, voices rising in song, and dancers moving in rhythmic devotion. Navratri in Maharashtra is not just an event; it is a sacred journey, where music, movement, and ritual come together to honor the goddess in all her forms. And as the festival reaches its climax on Vijayadashami, when prayers are answered and blessings are sought, the echoes of Lavani’s lively beats and Gondhal’s soulful chants remain, a reminder that devotion and celebration are forever intertwined in this land of faith and tradition. Rajasthan – Desert Traditions and Henna
 Artist: Unknown (click on pictures)
Navratri in Rajasthan is a celebration of devotion, tradition, and artistic expression, deeply rooted in the region’s royal heritage. Among the many customs observed during this festival, the art of henna is embraced as a beautiful addition to Rajasthan's ancient and cherished rituals, enhancing the festive traditions with its intricate designs and symbolic meanings.
Rajasthani mehndi designs are known for their intricate patterns, reflecting the grandeur of the desert state. More than mere adornment, these designs hold deep symbolic meaning, with motifs such as peacocks, lotus flowers, and elaborate jewelry patterns representing prosperity, grace, and divine blessings. As the sun sets over Rajasthan’s golden sands, the rhythmic beats of dhol and the echoes of folk songs fill the air. Women clad in vibrant lehengas, their henna-stained hands adorned with bangles, move gracefully in the mesmerizing swirl of Ghoomar, the traditional Rajasthani dance. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, henna is a sacred symbol of Navratri, believed to bring luck and positive energy. The practice of applying henna before the festival’s commencement is not just a beauty ritual but a spiritual act, aligning the wearer with the divine feminine power of Shakti. With each design, women honor the goddess, expressing their devotion through this ancient art form known as mehndi. As the nights of Navratri progress, temples glow with oil lamps, and voices rise in devotional songs, weaving a tapestry of faith and festivity. In Rajasthan, where tradition and celebration are inseparable, henna remains a loved part of the festival—a reminder that beauty, spirituality, and devotion are forever intertwined. And as the final night of Navratri gives way to Vijayadashami, marking the triumph of good over evil, the deep hues of henna serve as a lasting emblem of prayers offered, blessings received, and the enduring spirit of Rajasthan’s sacred celebrations. Henna as a Global Tradition
Though henna is widely used across South Asia, Middle east and Africa, its practice has spread globally, especially among the Indian diaspora. In regions like the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, henna is applied by people of various cultures, not only during Navratri, but also for events like weddings, Diwali, and Eid. The popularity of mehndi has grown beyond cultural boundaries, and it is now seen as a form of self-expression and artistic celebration among Westerners. As henna continues to gain recognition worldwide for its auspiciousness—whether as a symbol of joy, creativity, or a connection to a broader cultural heritage—henna offers a unique way to add meaning and beauty to any special occasion. How do you envision incorporating this beautiful herb and art into your own celebrations? To learn more about our Henna services for your celebrations click here
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The Timeless Art of Henna: A Glimpse into Berber Culture and Its Unique Relationship with Animals3/26/2025 Hello, fellow henna lovers! As a henna artist, it’s always a pleasure to learn about the diverse ways different cultures embrace this beautiful plant, and the Berber people’s traditions are some of the most captivating.
The Berber People
The Berber people, or Amazigh, have inhabited North Africa for thousands of years, cultivating a rich cultural heritage shaped by their nomadic and semi-nomadic lifestyles. Their traditions seamlessly blend nature, art, and spirituality into everyday life. The nomadic nature of many Berber tribes, moving between the harsh desert and fertile lands, influenced their cultural evolution. This constant movement and adaptability allowed for the exchange of stories, rituals, and symbols—traditions passed down through generations - and among the most enduring of these symbols is the use of Henna.
Henna in Berber ancient traditions, culture and healthcare
Henna was an integral part of the Amazigh's everyday life, extending far beyond mere beautification. It was deeply embedded in their spiritual and medicinal practices, serving as a powerful tool for protection, healing, and purification. Henna was seen as a protective substance, believed to ward off the evil eye, heal wounds, and cleanse both the body and spirit. It was commonly applied during significant life events such as weddings and childbirth, but its use also extended to everyday protection. Intricate designs were drawn on the hands, feet, and even the body, symbolizing health, fertility, and good fortune. Henna was considered sacred, a natural dye believed to offer protection against evil spirits and the harsh elements of nature. Both men and women adorned themselves with elaborate henna designs, which served not only as a form of beautification but also as a spiritual safeguard. Henna’s significance among the Berber people went well beyond beauty and symbolism. Its therapeutic properties were highly valued for personal hygiene and healing. It was used to treat various skin conditions, such as:
Henna's continued presence in Berber culture highlights its timeless value in promoting health, well-being, and spiritual balance. What truly sets Berber henna apart, however, is its profound connection with nature—specifically, with the animals that were integral to their way of life. Henna and the Animal Kingdom in Berber Culture
Camels, essential to the nomadic way of life, were often decorated with henna on their hooves, faces, and the backs of their necks. This was not only a symbol of wealth and beauty but also a spiritual safeguard. Camels were regarded as noble creatures in Berber society, and henna was applied as a way to honor them and ensure their protection during long desert journeys. Additionally, henna’s natural antiseptic properties were believed to help prevent infections, particularly in the harsh conditions of the desert.
Horses, vital for transportation, trade, and warfare, were similarly adorned with henna. It was believed that decorating their coats, hooves, and faces protected them from evil spirits while bringing blessings of strength and endurance. Henna was also used to address minor skin irritations, cuts, or wounds on horses, as its natural properties helped soothe inflammation and promote healing. Goats, important livestock for the Berbers, were sometimes marked with henna, especially during festivals or rites of passage. The designs symbolized health and protection, ensuring the well-being of these valuable animals that provided milk, meat, and wool. Henna was used to treat minor skin conditions in goats, such as rashes or irritations, as it has antifungal and antibacterial properties that help prevent infections. Dogs, valued for their companionship and protection, were also decorated with henna. In Berber communities, henna was thought to ward off evil spirits and protect the dogs from harm. Additionally, henna was believed to help with ringworm, fleas, ticks, and other skin irritations, thanks to its natural healing properties. Applying henna to dogs was also a way to show affection and appreciation for the animal’s role within the family. Through these practices, henna’s role in Berber culture extended beyond human beauty and protection, highlighting the deep bond between the people and their animals. A Beautiful Fusion: Henna, Berber Traditions, and the Modern World
The Berber influences are evident in the bold, geometric patterns and organic designs that adorn hands, feet, and even animals. What’s most beautiful about henna is that it brings people together. Whether it's the intricate designs adorning a bride's hands, a camel's hooves, or a dog’s paws, henna speaks to the shared human experience of connection, celebration, and spirituality. As we continue to evolve, henna remains a timeless practice that honors both tradition and innovation. Until next time, may your hands be adorned with beautiful designs, and your heart full of ancient stories! Further Reading & ResourcesIf you’re curious to dive deeper into the history and significance of henna, here are some resources to explore: 1. Inked Bodies, Blank pages; A study of Amazigh Tattooing by Hannah Masouani 2. Henna: Uses of it in Middle East and North Africa by Dianne Humphrey-Newell 3. Moor: A Henna Atlas of Morrocco by Lisa Butterworth and Nick Tharpa Cartie Would you like to have some Berber Style henna? book an appointment here.
How Henna Took Root in North Africa
The story of henna in North Africa starts with Egypt, where the art of henna first blossomed. As Egypt interacted with neighboring regions, including Berbers and Arabs, henna made its way across the region. In North Africa, henna was embraced not only for its beauty but also for its healing and spiritual properties. The Berbers, in particular, adapted henna into their culture, using it for everything from special occasions to therapeutic purposes. For the people of North Africa, henna became a key part of personal and communal identity. It was used for weddings, religious ceremonies, and festivals – adorning the hands and feet of both women and men. Over time, it grew into an art form, with designs that ranged from simple patterns to intricate works of art
The blending of Arab culture with that of the Berber people meant that henna became deeply woven into the fabric of everyday life. It wasn’t long before the practice spread throughout other parts of the African continent, especially in regions where Islam had made its mark.
How Trade and Migration Helped Henna Travel Across Africa
North Africa’s strategic location, with its access to Mediterranean trade routes and Saharan pathways, made it a perfect launching point for the spread of henna. Traders, merchants, and nomadic groups such as the Bedouins and Berbers carried the practice far and wide, from the Arabian Peninsula through North Africa and into the sub-Saharan region. As the Islamic faith spread across Africa, particularly in West and Central Africa, henna was also adopted in these regions. It wasn’t just about fashion – henna became an important cultural and spiritual practice. It was tied to Islamic traditions, marking life’s milestones and celebrations. Whether for a wedding or a religious festival, henna’s cultural significance deepened as it traveled across the continent. Henna’s Impact in the African Subcontinent
While henna had firmly taken root in North Africa, its influence reached far beyond, making its way into West and East Africa. In West African countries like Senegal, Mali, and Niger, henna became a symbol of beauty and status. The designs weren’t just beautiful; they were a way to showcase one’s culture and identity. Women adorned their hands and feet with intricate henna patterns during weddings and celebrations, with each design telling its own story. In East Africa, particularly along the Swahili coast, henna also found its place. As Islam spread throughout East Africa, henna followed. In countries like Kenya and Tanzania, henna became a staple in weddings, festivals, and everyday life, where the vibrant designs continued to reflect the cultural richness of the region. 
In West Africa, henna designs are made with thin strips that leave spaces where the henna doesn’t stain, creating bold, straight-line patterns. Photo Credit: Katie Orlinsky
Henna Today: A Living Tradition Across Africa
Fast forward to today, and henna is more popular than ever in Africa. Whether you’re in Morocco, Nigeria, or Tanzania, henna continues to be used in both traditional and modern ways. While some still use it for its therapeutic benefits or spiritual rituals, many also see it as an art form, creating beautiful, temporary tattoos with intricate designs. In fact, henna has become a global trend, with people all over the world embracing it for both its cultural significance and its beauty. In North Africa, henna is still an essential part of weddings and festivals, with elaborate designs adorning brides and celebrants alike. In sub-Saharan Africa, the tradition is just as strong, with henna artists continuing to create stunning designs, often inspired by local customs and modern styles. Why Henna Still Matters Henna’s journey from Egypt to North Africa and the rest of Africa tells a story of cultural exchange, migration, and tradition. It’s not just about the art – it’s about identity, beauty, spirituality, and community. Today, henna continues to be celebrated across Africa, a living tradition that has evolved and adapted but still holds onto its deep cultural roots. From the intricate designs on a bride’s hands to the soothing properties used to heal wounds, henna remains a timeless symbol of beauty, care, and connection. So next time you see a beautiful henna design, remember – it’s not just a pretty picture, it’s a story of tradition, culture, and the journey of a remarkable plant that has traveled through time and across continents. For Futrher Reading:
1. The history of Jewish Henna Rituals by Noam Sienna
Henna, a plant-based dye with a rich cultural and historical legacy, has been a staple of human civilization for over 5,000 years. Its use spans centuries, evolving from a simple cosmetic practice to a symbol of beauty, healing, and spirituality. The first recorded use of henna dates back to ancient Egypt, where it was employed for both medicinal and cosmetic purposes. The ancient Egyptians valued henna not only for its aesthetic appeal but also for its therapeutic qualities, which were crucial in treating skin conditions and burns.  Mummified Hand with Henna stained nails The Beginnings of a Cultural Tradition Henna’s earliest known application can be traced to the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. One of the most famous examples of henna use in Egypt comes from the tomb of Ramses II, who reigned from 1279 to 1213 BCE. Archaeological evidence, including paintings and artifacts, shows that Egyptians used henna to dye their nails, fingers, and hair. In addition to being a cosmetic treatment, henna played a significant role in burial rituals, where it was believed to possess protective and purifying properties for the deceased. The Egyptians viewed henna as a sacred substance that could ward off evil spirits, safeguard the soul, and offer blessings in the afterlife. Henna’s cooling and soothing properties also made it a valuable tool for healing. Ancient Egyptians used it to treat burns, heat rashes, and skin ailments. By applying henna to wounds and burns, they experienced its natural cooling effect, making it one of the earliest recorded forms of herbal medicine. This combination of beauty and healing established henna as an important element in both daily life and spiritual practices. For scholarly insights into ancient Egyptian practices, the works of Egyptologist Sir Alan Gardiner and publications like The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt provide detailed discussions of the role of plants and their cultural significance in Egyptian society. Henna’s Spread Through Egypt: A Symbol of Beauty and Protection  As one of the most significant symbols of beauty and protection in ancient Egypt, henna was revered and used in a variety of contexts. Its role extended beyond the cosmetic—henna was often applied to protect individuals from negative spiritual influences. For example, it was common for Egyptians to use henna in the form of elaborate designs on their nails and fingers as part of burial rituals. These intricate designs symbolized protection and were thought to guide the deceased safely into the afterlife. In addition to its symbolic role, henna was used by both men and women in everyday life. It became a practice passed down through generations, with individuals using henna to adorn themselves on special occasions and during important cultural events, such as festivals and rites of passage. Scholarly works like The History of Ancient Egyptian Culture by Lorna Oakes provide a deep dive into how plants like henna were intertwined with spiritual beliefs and cultural practices. The integration of henna into both beauty and medicine further solidified its place in Egyptian life and has influenced its use in later cultures. You can explore more on this topic in The Henna plant: Trascending Time, Religion and Culture. The Legacy of Egyptian Henna
The use of henna in Egypt continues to hold significance in modern times, especially in the realm of beauty and skincare. The art of applying henna has evolved from its ancient origins to become a popular form of body art around the world. However, the cultural roots of henna still remain deeply tied to ancient Egypt’s practices, where it was a vital component of both daily life and spiritual rituals. Today, henna is not just an ornamental practice but a revered tradition that continues to carry immense cultural and spiritual significance. Its intricate designs and rich history make henna an enduring symbol of beauty, healing, and protection. When utilizing 100% pure and natural henna, it is generally safe for a wide range of individuals, including children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, men, and it poses no harm to the environment. For internal uses, it is crucial to consult with an Ayurvedic Doctor (PhD) (not a practitioner or certificate holder) who has extensive experience in this area. It is beneficial to engage all your healthcare providers—regardless of their background, whether Western, Eastern, Southern, or Northern—in your healing journey to ensure a holistic approach. Many henna artists primarily recognize henna as a temporary body art or a natural hair dye, which has led to the unfortunate addition of chemicals in some henna products. Be cautious of henna marketed as "black henna" or "colored henna," as these often contain PPD dye, which can cause severe skin reactions and even chemical burns; it is imperative to avoid black henna entirely, as the damage it can inflict may be irreversible. NEVER USE BLACK HENNA #NoToBlackHenna  Chemical Burns from the use of Black henna #NoToBlackHenna #AlwaysAskTheRecipe. A reputable source of henna will readily provide information about their harvesting and drying methods, as well as lab-tested evidence confirming the purity of their product. For the safest experience, consider making your own henna or purchasing pre-made henna cones or 100% pure henna leaf powder from trusted suppliers.
Always ask the henna artist what the recipe is that was used to make the henna, #AlwaysAskTheRecipe. The insights shared here may encourage you to incorporate henna into your healing and self care practices, and it is advisable to involve any other practitioners you are collaborating with.  Henna, scientifically known as Lawsonia Inermis, is a flowering shrub or small tree native to regions in Africa, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Yemen, while its been naturalized in Asian countries like China, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, particularly in arid areas.
The plant thrives in dry conditions, producing the highest levels of tannin in leaves from plants that are at least six years old, and it prefers temperatures ranging from 35 to 45 degrees Celsius (95 to 113 degrees Fahrenheit). During rainy periods, henna quickly sprouts new growth, but in drought conditions, its leaves may yellow and drop. It struggles in cooler temperatures, particularly below 11 degrees Celsius (52 degrees Fahrenheit), and cannot survive if temperatures dip below 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). Every part of the henna plant—roots, bark, flowers, fruit, and seeds—has practical uses and is integral to traditional eastern medicine and healing practices like Ayurveda. In colder regions, henna is often planted around homes, as its thorns help keep animals away. Historically, it was valued for its cooling effects in hot desert climates, with a paste applied to the palms and soles for relief. Additionally, it served medicinal purposes, treating ailments such as stomach issues, burns, headaches, and wounds. The discovery that the paste leaves a temporary stain on the skin, due to lawsone, a reddish-orange dye that adheres to keratin, led to its decorative use, making it accessible to people across various socioeconomic backgrounds.te it, now use AI Content Helper to improve it — optimize you |
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AuthorHi, I'm Pooja! For the past 12 years, I've been a professional henna artist in Santa Fe and Taos, New Mexico. Henna is a meaningful part of my cultural heritage, and I’m passionate about sharing its beauty and artistry. Along with creating beautiful designs, I love educating others about the art of henna, its holistic benefits, and the growing research on its therapeutic uses, including for cancer and autoimmune conditions. |
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